Biological And Biochemical Foundations Of Living Systems Test

Question 1: Which of the following amino acids has a side chain that can form disulfide bonds?

Question 2: In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Question 3: What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Question 4: Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Question 5: What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

Question 6: Which of the following processes produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Question 7: Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another?

Question 8: In the lac operon, what is the function of the repressor protein?

Question 9: What is the primary purpose of fermentation in cells?

Question 10: Which of the following is an example of an allosteric enzyme?

Question 11: Which of the following is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Question 12: What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Question 13: Which molecule is primarily responsible for carrying electrons in the electron transport chain?

Question 14: In eukaryotic cells, where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Question 15: Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Question 16: Which enzyme is crucial for transcribing DNA into RNA?

Question 17: Which of the following organelles is involved in the degradation of cellular waste?

Question 18: In which cellular location does glycolysis take place?

Question 19: Which of the following components is part of a nucleotide?

Question 20: Which hormone is primarily responsible for reducing blood glucose levels?

Question 21: Which of the following structures is involved in protein synthesis?

Question 22: What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Question 23: Which of the following types of RNA is involved in splicing introns from pre-messenger RNA?

Question 24: What is the role of the enzyme telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Question 25: Which structure within the cell serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation?

Question 26: What is the function of a restriction enzyme in molecular biology?

Question 27: Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane?

Question 28: What process is characterized by the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Question 29: Which of the following best describes a codon?

Question 30: Which metabolic pathway is shared by both aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Question 31: Which of the following molecules serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Question 32: Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Question 33: What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

Question 34: Which of the following processes occurs in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts?

Question 35: Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress?

Question 36: What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Question 37: Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?

Question 38: Which of the following proteins is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Question 39: Which of the following processes is responsible for the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen?

Question 40: What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the human body?

Question 41: Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs?

Question 42: What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Question 43: Which process during cellular respiration results in the formation of acetyl-CoA?

Question 44: Which of the following is a polysaccharide that stores energy in plants?

Question 45: In which part of the nephron is the majority of water reabsorbed?

Question 46: Which of the following molecules is a carrier of chemical energy in cells?

Question 47: What is the function of microtubules in a cell?

Question 48: Which of the following best describes the role of the enzyme DNA polymerase?

Question 49: Which of the following components of the cytoskeleton is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Question 50: Which nucleotide base pairs with adenine in DNA?

Question 51: What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

Question 52: Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes in the middle of the cell?

Question 53: Which molecule acts as the main structural component of the cell membrane?

Question 54: What is the primary purpose of mRNA in the cell?

Question 55: Which of the following is a characteristic of the lysosome?

Question 56: What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Question 57: Which metabolic process results in the production of lactic acid in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

Question 58: Which of the following enzymes is involved in the transcription of mRNA from a DNA template?

Question 59: Which process converts glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH in the absence of oxygen?

Question 60: Which organelle is the site of ribosome assembly in eukaryotic cells?

Question 61: During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of carbon dioxide produced?

Question 62: Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins, such as alpha helices and beta sheets?

Question 63: Which molecule is a primary carrier of electrons in cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Question 64: Which organelle is primarily involved in protein sorting and modification?

Question 65: Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

Question 66: Which cellular structure is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Question 67: Which of the following best describes the function of pepsin in the stomach?

Question 68: Which of the following is true about RNA splicing?

Question 69: Which of the following molecules is considered the main energy currency of the cell?

Question 70: Which enzyme is responsible for converting ATP to cAMP in response to a signaling molecule?

Question 71: What is the role of ribozymes in the cell?

Question 72: What is a major function of macrophages in the immune system?

Question 73: What is the function of acetylcholinesterase at a neuronal synapse?

Question 74: Which molecule is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Question 75: Which cellular process is directly driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?

Question 76: Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Question 77: What is the major function of the nucleolus within the nucleus of a cell?

Question 78: Which cell cycle checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned before the cell proceeds to anaphase?

Question 79: Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primers needed to start DNA replication?

Question 80: What is the main function of the peroxisome in eukaryotic cells?

Question 81: Which phase of the cell cycle is primarily associated with cell growth and preparation for DNA replication?

Question 82: In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?

Question 83: Which of the following proteins is associated with the process of apoptosis?

Question 84: Which of the following processes occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria?

Question 85: Which type of enzyme inhibition can be overcome by increasing the concentration of substrate?

Question 86: Which of the following structures is part of the endomembrane system?

Question 87: What is the main functional role of microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?

Question 88: Which biomolecule forms the structure of the double helix in DNA?

Question 89: Which of the following enzymes is involved in the elongation phase of DNA replication?

Question 90: Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information in cells?

Question 91: Which cell organelle is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion?

Question 92: What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?

Question 93: In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Question 94: Which of the following statements is true about competitive inhibitors?

Question 95: Which structure serves as the site of translation?

Question 96: Which biological molecule is the primary component of cell membranes?

Question 97: Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Question 98: What type of cell signaling involves the release of hormones into the bloodstream to affect distant target cells?

Question 99: Which of the following is the main function of mitochondria?

Question 100: Which biochemical pathway produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized?

Question 101: Which of the following processes is associated with the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Question 102: Which of the following best describes a lysosome?

Question 103: What is the main function of the enzyme ribonuclease?

Question 104: Which of the following best describes an operon?

Question 105: What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Question 106: Which molecule is not a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Question 107: Which structure regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell?

Question 108: Which of the following processes occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Question 109: Which of the following is the primary structure of proteins?

Question 110: What is the primary role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Question 111: Which of the following structures is responsible for the production and maturation of sperm cells?

Question 112: During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate the process?

Question 113: What is the primary function of bile produced by the liver?

Question 114: Which of the following processes involves the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Question 115: Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells?

Question 116: Which molecule serves as the template for the synthesis of complementary RNA during transcription?

Question 117: What is the role of the medulla oblongata in the human body?

Question 118: Which of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

Question 119: Which of the following enzymes is involved in the process of transcription?

Question 120: Which structure in the cell is responsible for producing ribosomes?

Question 121: Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Question 122: Which of the following vitamins is fat-soluble?

Question 123: Which of the following structures is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins?

Question 124: Which cellular organelle is primarily involved in the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

Question 125: Which of the following macromolecules are primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions?

Question 126: Which phase follows metaphase during mitosis?

Question 127: What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Question 128: Which blood cells are primarily involved in the body's immune response?

Question 129: Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose?

Question 130: Which of the following best describes the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Question 131: What is the primary role of the hormone insulin?

Question 132: Which of the following processes generates the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Question 133: During translation, which site on the ribosome does the tRNA first bind to?

Question 134: Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Question 135: Which of the following is not a component of an amino acid?

Question 136: What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Question 137: Which of the following molecules is involved in the storage of genetic information?

Question 138: What process converts RNA sequences into protein sequences?

Question 139: Which structure within the cell is responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

Question 140: What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

Question 141: Which process is responsible for the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors?

Question 142: Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of a peptide bond in protein synthesis?

Question 143: Which phase of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Question 144: What is the role of the enzyme amylase?

Question 145: Which of the following molecules is primarily involved in energy storage?

Question 146: Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Question 147: In which organelle does the Calvin cycle take place?

Question 148: Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?